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Current recommendations for colonoscopy preparation emphasize a patient-centered approach designed to improve bowel cleanliness, reduce discomfort, and promote adherence to preparation regimens. Key international medical

As cannabis legalization expands globally, its use for chronic pain management has become increasingly common. While many patients view marijuana as a safe, natural analgesic, recent

International medical professionals are healthcare providers such as doctors and nurses who received their training outside the United States or Canada but practice in the

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been heralded as a transformative force in medicine, offering advances in diagnostics, personalized treatment, and health system efficiency. However, rapid adoption

The planned removal of an endotracheal tube is one of the most important milestones in both anesthesia and critical care. Although it is a straightforward

In the 1990s, multiple studies demonstrated links between anesthesia exposure for pregnant patients and negative fetal outcomes. In response, hospitals around the country added pregnancy

Mucous membranes provide a non-invasive alternative route for medication delivery, allowing drugs to be absorbed directly and rapidly through tissues such as the nasal lining

A stroke is a serious medical emergency in which blood supply to the brain is blocked or there is sudden bleeding in the brain. The

Xenon is a noble gas known for being inert, or unable to participate in nearly all chemical reactions. However, the gas does have several applications,

Local anesthetics are essential tools in modern medicine, providing effective pain management for a wide range of procedures. Though lidocaine may be the most well-known

General anesthesia induces a state of controlled unconsciousness, facilitating painless surgeries and procedures. During general anesthesia, airway management is necessary for patients experiencing airway collapse.

Mouth taping has gained popularity as a potential remedy for snoring and mild sleep apnea, but the practice lacks rigorous research to support claims that

Ondansetron, also known as Zofran, is primarily used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and anesthesia [1]. Ondansetron’s mechanism of action

Local anesthesia is a versatile and essential tool in modern medical practice, enabling a wide range of procedures to be performed with minimal discomfort to

A 2015 survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that there were an estimated 110,800 surgical site infections from inpatient surgeries alone

Monitoring and maintaining optimal vital signs during sedation is critical to ensuring patient safety and improving clinical outcomes. Unlike general anesthesia, sedation allows patients to

Nerve blocks are performed by injecting local anesthetic in a specific area around a target nerve to provide regional pain relief for surgery or medical

Starting an anesthesiology residency program is an endeavor that requires careful planning, resources, and dedication to excellence in medical education. Indeed, anesthesiology residency programs play

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are now considered one of the most common postoperative complications among older adults. Patients may experience confusion, delirium, and irritability. Given

The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status classification system was developed in the 1940s by Saklad, Rovenstine, and Taylor to facilitate the collection of

Pulmonary complications have been a leading cause of significant morbidity and mortality after anesthesia and surgery. Pulmonary complications include atelectasis, pneumonia, empyema, pulmonary embolism, and

Infection control in the operating room (OR) is a critical aspect of healthcare that aims to prevent the transmission of infections to patients and healthcare

Tranexamic acid (TXA) has become a significant player in the management of perioperative bleeding, representing a pivotal advancement in surgical care. This synthetic derivative of

Anesthesia, a critical component of medical procedures, has evolved significantly over the years, and more anesthetic agents have been developed to better ensure patient comfort

End-Expiratory Lung Volume (EELV) measurement is a vital component in the assessment of respiratory physiology and clinical practice, offering essential insights into the lung’s functional

Sepsis occurs when a patient has an overwhelming reaction to an infection and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The infection causes an

Kratom, a plant native to Southeast Asia, has gained significant attention due to its therapeutic potential for pain management, opioid withdrawal, and mood enhancement.1 Kratom

Between 2019 and 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic caused 760 million infections and nearly 7 million deaths, presenting the largest global emergency in modern history (1).

The intersection of genomics and anesthesia care is a burgeoning frontier in personalized medicine. Genomics, which is the study of all the genes in an

Patient comfort is an essential part of procedures that can also affect clinical outcomes in some situations. One aspect that plays a significant role in